Broken or distorted layout
    Missing images
    Unresponsive design
    Non-functional 
links and 
buttons    Improperly displayed fonts
    Use Email Testing Tools: Tools like 
Litmus and 
Email on Acid allow you to preview how your emails will look across different clients and devices.    
Manual Testing: Send test emails to different accounts (Gmail, Outlook, Yahoo) and check them on various devices.    
Browser Extensions: Use extensions that simulate different email environments.
     Use Responsive Design: Ensure your emails adapt to different screen sizes. Use 
media queries and flexible grid layouts.    
Inline CSS: Some email clients strip out 
external CSS. Using inline CSS ensures your styles are applied correctly.    
Alt Text for Images: Always include 
alt text for images in case they don’t load.    
Test Links: Make sure all 
links are functional and direct users to the correct pages.    
Fallback Fonts: Use web-safe fonts and specify fallback options to ensure text displays correctly.
     Optimize Images: Compress images to reduce load time without compromising quality.    
Use Proper Formats: Stick to widely supported formats like 
JPEG and 
PNG.    
Background Images: Avoid using background images as some email clients don’t support them.
 Conclusion
Ensuring compatibility in email marketing is essential for delivering a seamless user experience and achieving your campaign goals. By understanding common issues, testing thoroughly, and following best practices, you can optimize your emails for all platforms and devices.