Various tools and technologies are used in backend programming for email marketing. Some popular options include: - [Node.js]() for creating scalable server-side applications. - [Python]() and its libraries like [Flask]() or [Django]() for rapid development. - [PHP]() for interacting with databases and generating dynamic content. - [AWS SES]() for scalable email sending services. - [Mailgun]() API for seamless email delivery.